Law of Equipartition of energy
Whenever we study kinetic theory of gas,we usually
assume that a container contains gas molecules, these gas atoms keep moving
from one place to another basically it means that they creates motion and
exerts pressure. So when we supply heat or energy the motion and the pressure
of the molecule increase. Thus this law describes how the supplied energy is
distributed among the molecules in thermal equilibrium.
Thus the Law of Equipartition of Energy is a
fundamental principle in physics that describes how energy is distributed among
the different degrees of freedom of a system in thermal equilibrium.
According to the law of equipartition of
energy, for any dynamic system in thermal equilibrium, the total energy for the
system is equally divided among the degree of freedom.
According to this law, in a system in thermal
equilibrium, each degree of freedom (i.e. each independent way that the system
can store energy) will, on average, have an equal amount of energy. In other
words, the total energy of the system will be equally distributed among all
available degrees of freedom.
For example, in a gas consisting of monoatomic
molecules (such as helium or neon), each molecule has three degrees of freedom
corresponding to its motion in three spatial dimensions. According to the law
of equipartition, each degree of freedom will have, on average, an equal amount
of energy equal to kT/2, where k is Boltzmann's constant and T is the
temperature of the gas. Therefore, each molecule will have, on average, a total
energy of 3kT/2.
The law of equipartition of energy is a useful tool
for calculating the energy content of a system in thermal equilibrium, and it
is used extensively in statistical mechanics, thermodynamics, and other fields
of physics. However, it is important to note that this law is only valid for
systems in thermal equilibrium and does not apply to systems that are not in
equilibrium or that exhibit non-classical behavior (such as quantum mechanical
systems at very low temperatures).
Great work with clear information
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