Adiabatic, isothermal, isochoric, and isobaric process
Thermodynamics uses the concepts of the isothermal process, isochoric process, isobaric process and adiabatic processes describe how a thermodynamic system behaves and its relationship to temperature changes.
An isothermal process is one that takes place when the system’s temperature remains constant but other variables such as volume and pressure can be changed accordingly.
For example boiling water is an isothermal process as the temperature of the water at 100 degree Celsius even though we add heat to the system.
The term ‘adiabatic’ means isolated from surroundings. A process is called as adiabatic if
It prevents heat from entering the system or leaving the system.
For example a reaction that takes place in a flask is adiabatic.
Here, the temperature can change to prevent any heat transmission. This indicates that the
isothermal process takes under constant temperature while the adiabatic process occurs under changing temperature.
Adiabatic, Isothermal, Isobaric, and Isochoric Processes Adiabatic Process
A thermal process known as an adiabatic process can occur when no heat is transferred from one system to another. In this case, the mechanism is not subjected to any heat or energy transfer. Therefore, in an adiabatic process, the only way the energy transfer between a system and surroundings is the work. It is either an irreversible and reversible process.
The following criteria must be follow to be either irreversible or reversible process:
I. The procedure should take the shortest amount of time and be completed quickly
to minimize the possibility of heat transfer.
II. The instruments used to carry out the process needs to be completely insulated from the environment.
Isothermal Process
∆𝑇 = constant and to keep the temperature remains constant, heat must be transferred into the system or out of the system.
There are two conditions in which isothermal process can work:
I. The container must have environmental conductivity.
II. It must takes place slowly to allow enough time for heat to be exchanged with environment maintaining a constant temperature.
Isobaric Process
A process that operates under continuous pressure is called isobaric process. The term “bar” is the measure of pressure and “iso” stand for volume.
∆𝑃 = 0
Isochoric Process
The word “choric” stands for volume and “iso” stands for equal. An isochoric process is one that takes place at constant volume.
∆𝑉 = 0
For examples Pressure cooker. Since the volume of pressure cooker is constant hence it is
an isochoric process.
It is a concept of thermodynamics where the temperature of a system is expressed as a negative number on the Kelvin scale.
Negative temperature does not measure an object being colder than absolute zero (lowest possible temperature -273 degree Celsius).
In negative temperatures, the particles have more energy when they are in higher states than in lower energy states.
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